High-resolution X-ray astronomy demands optics that deliver a large collecting area, low mass, and exceptional angular precision. Over the past two decades, Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) has become the cornerstone technology for large-scale observatories, most notably ESA’s NewAthena mission. This mission will assemble thousands of lightweight silicon mirror plates into a 12-meter focal length telescope, setting a new standard for space-based X-ray observation.
The modularity, scalability, and proven performance of SPO have solidified its position as the leading technology for next-generation space-borne X-ray optics. While NewAthena remains the flagship application of SPO, a broad spectrum of scientific use cases calls for more compact telescopes. These telescopes would feature shorter focal lengths, moderate angular resolution, and high throughput in the soft X-ray band, ideal for medium-class missions. Such designs offer a cost-effective and less complex alternative to flagship observatories, enabling wide-field, high-sensitivity observations of the diffuse X-ray universe.
At cosine, while the preparation of the SPO production facility and processes for NewAthena remains the primary focus, we have begun exploring the feasibility of manufacturing mirror modules with focal lengths of 3.5 to 4 meters. As presented by Dr. Barrière at the SPIE Symposium in San Diego (August 2025) [1], initial findings indicate no fundamental obstacles to producing these new mirror modules. This advancement could unlock a host of new applications for Silicon Pore Optics technology, expanding its potential beyond current missions.
About cosine
Founded in 1998, cosine is a world-leading developer of space instrumentation and measurement systems, making the invisible measurable and the complex actionable. Its expertise spans High-Energy Optics, including optics developed for ESA’s future NewAthena X-ray observatory, as well as remote sensing solutions for Earth Observation and planetary science. With over 25 years of experience and advanced cleanroom and assembly facilities across the Netherlands, Germany, and Italy, cosine brings deep scientific and engineering expertise to some of the most demanding missions in space and on Earth.
[1]: Nicolas M. Barrière, Laurens Keek, Christian Körnig, Giuseppe Vacanti, Mark Vervest, and Maximilien J. Collon, “Silicon Pore Optics: design and feasibility of a 4-m focal length X-ray telescope”, Proceedings Volume 13626, Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy XII; 1362612 (2025) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3065437
